For diabetics, steamed rice is not enough to eat, fruit can not be eaten much, and sweets are basically not touched. What kind of food can they eat and what food should they avoid? Nutrition experts prescribe a healthy diet of three suitable and three unfavorable for diabetics.
Chinese name diabetes, healthy diet type, diet structure contraindication, sugar prohibition, too sweet, too salty, too oily health care hypoglycemic tea, hypoglycemic food principle, eat less sugar, starch, fat method, take medicine, control diet
1、 Mechanism
What diabetes patients eat well has always been a topic of concern for diabetics and their families. One of the basic principles is that blood sugar may be rapidly increased, and foods with high sugar content or high starch and fat content are to eat less, and they are easily converted into grape sugar.
What do diabetic patients eat? Is it good to promote the reduction of blood sugar? Not all. After the diagnosis of diabetes, patients begin to take medicine to lower their blood sugar. If it is a metformin drug, because this medicine will affect the absorption of vitamin B12, it is proper for patients to take some vitamin B12 supplements.
In addition, patients who take Baitangping should not only eat carbohydrates (starch fat), but also supplement certain protein. Generally speaking, if you eat 5 Liang at a meal, then 1 liang should be protein; Those who take sulfonylurea drugs mainly stimulate insulin secretion and increase the burden of islets. It is suggested to change the drug.
Patients with insulin should take a few grains of sugar with them to prevent hypoglycemia. In any stage of diabetes, diabetes and diabetes complications are closely related to oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to eat more antioxidants. For example, foods high in vitamin E and vitamin C are beneficial and harmless. In principle, the stronger the antioxidant, the better the effect.
2、 Recipes
Sanyi
Cereals, such as naked oats, buckwheat, oatmeal, corn flour, purple yam, etc., are rich in vitamin B, a variety of trace elements and food fiber. Low sugar and low starch foods or coarse grains and vegetables are used as staple foods.
Beans and bean products, bean foods are rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins, and soybean oil contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides.
Bitter gourd, mulberry leaves, onion, letinous edodes, grapefruit, can reduce blood sugar, is the most ideal food for diabetic patients. If they can eat for a long time, they will lower blood sugar and prevent complications.
Three should not
Diabetes diet should also be vigilant "three not suitable".
It is not suitable to eat all kinds of sugar, preserves, canned fruit, soda, fruit juice, jam, ice cream, sweet biscuits, sweet bread and sugar cakes, as well as sugar free biscuits and sugar free foods, which basically contain a lot of starch, because these foods contain high sugar and are prone to hyperglycemia;
It is not suitable to eat foods containing high cholesterol and animal fat, such as animal brain, liver, heart, lung, waist, egg yolk, fat, butter, pig, cow and sheep oil, which are easy to increase blood lipid and atherosclerosis;
It is not suitable to drink alcohol. Alcohol can make blood sugar fluctuate. When drinking a lot on an empty stomach, serious hypoglycemia can occur, and drunkenness can often cover up the performance of hypoglycemia, which is difficult to find and very dangerous.
3、 Scientific diet
As the saying goes hunger breeds discontentment. For diabetics, eating correctly is the key to the treatment of diabetes. The control of the disease directly affects the development of the disease.
First, develop diet programs. The situation of each patient is different. A nutritionist can be invited to make a preliminary diet plan based on the dietary structure, subjective symptoms and objective test results of the patient. But this is not once and for all. You should go back to see a doctor once a month at most and then do withering and rectification. In addition, the daily diet should be adjusted in time according to the dining situation, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, gastrointestinal function, etc.
Second, reasonable energy proportion. Reasonable control of total energy is the main principle of nutritional therapy for diabetes, so that it can maintain or slightly lower than ideal body weight. Protein must account for more than 1 / 3 of the total daily energy; Daily fat intake should not exceed 30%.
Third, the distribution of three meals should be reasonable. For sugar friends with stable condition, at least three meals a day shall be guaranteed. Sugar friends with large blood glucose fluctuation and prone to hypoglycemia need to add meals appropriately. Eat 5 ~ 6 times a day, and the food of the same weight is divided into 6 portions. The pressure of each portion is naturally reduced, which not only ensures the total intake of a day, but also does not allow too much intake of a meal to increase blood sugar.
Fourth, pay attention to salt control in diet. Many patients often say that their salt intake is well controlled, such as using a salt limiting spoon every time they cook, but they ignore many "large salt households", such as monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, soy sauce, soy bean curd, pickles, pickles, puffed food, etc. Therefore, to avoid eating too much salt, we should start from two aspects: one is to eat less visible salt, the other is to eat less invisible salt.
4、 Dietary misunderstanding
Many people think that eating staple food is easy to raise blood sugar, so they eat less or don't eat staple food. This understanding is not completely correct. First, the staple food is a complex carbon hydrate, and the blood sugar will not rise rapidly after eating. Secondly, staple food can provide energy for human activities and is also the most economical source of human nutrition. Eating less or not may lead to excessive fat and protein, but the total energy is not enough, resulting in excessive decomposition of body fat and protein, weight loss, malnutrition, and even hunger ketosis. It is recommended to drink plenty of water every day, which can not only have a good control effect, but also increase the water needed by the body. In addition, we should also do: we should chew carefully and swallow slowly at ordinary times, and only eat seven or eight points full at each meal; No smoking, no drinking, no staying up late, more rest and more exercise; Regular inspection; Control blood sugar and strive for a phased effect in five or six months.
5、 Dietary principles
The first major principle of diabetes diet is to control diet. Lowering blood sugar is actually eating less or not eating foods that are easy to cause blood sugar to rise. For example, sugared foods, such as candy, soda, coke, preserves, honey, sugared drinks, and all kinds of Chinese and Western desserts, should be eaten less; If you are a sweet eater, it is recommended to season with sugar substitutes such as saccharin or aspartame. In addition, foods with high starch content should also be limited, such as sweet potato, potato, taro, corn, water chestnut, baked cake, wheat, radish cake, etc; In particular, all kinds of New Year foods, such as rice dumplings, moon cakes and rice cake, are especially needed for diabetics.
The second main principle of diabetes diet is to eat too sweet, too salty, too oily food, preferably not. Because obesity is the enemy of diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular disease is higher than that of the general population, it is very important to control the intake of oil. In addition to eating less fried, fried, pastry and high-fat foods, such as fat meat, pig skin, pine nuts, walnuts, peanuts, etc; At the same time, we should control meat food, reduce the intake of animal fat, and use vegetable oil to cook food. In addition, some foods with high cholesterol content, such as animal offal, egg yolk and seafood, should also be eaten less. As for cooking, light and less oil should be used as far as possible, such as stewing, roasting, stewing, braised, steamed, boiled, cold mix, etc.
6、 Diet therapy
1. diet therapy is the treatment that all diabetics need to adhere to. Light cases can get good results by focusing on diet therapy. Medium and heavy patients must also reasonably apply physical therapy and drug therapy on the basis of diet therapy. Only if the diet is well controlled, oral hypoglycemic drugs or pancreatic islets can play a good effect. Otherwise, blindly relying on the so-called new drugs and good drugs and ignoring food therapy, it is difficult to achieve good clinical results.
2. The diet plan shall be adjusted and mastered flexibly at any time according to the condition. Emaciated patients can relax appropriately to ensure total calories. Obese patients must strictly control their diet, mainly low calorie and fat diet, so as to reduce their weight. For those who are treated with insulin, they should pay attention to adding meals at 9 ~ 10 a.m., 3 ~ 4 p.m. or before going to bed as appropriate to prevent hypoglycemia. Pay attention to increasing staple food or extra meals when you have a lot of physical work or activities.
3. in the diet of diabetes, we should arrange staple food and non-staple food scientifically, and we should not only pay attention to staple food but also despise non-staple food. Although staple food is the main source of blood glucose and should be controlled, some of the protein and fat in non-staple food can also become blood glucose and become the source of blood glucose. 58% and 10% of protein and fat turn into glucose in metabolism, respectively. This kind of non-staple food is too much, which can also increase weight and is unfavorable to the disease. Therefore, in addition to reasonably controlling the staple food, non-staple food should also be matched reasonably, otherwise the expected effect can not be achieved.
7、 Precautions
1、 Timing, quantification and fragmentation
Timing and ration refers to dinner. Normal people are recommended to eat three meals a day regularly, and the intake of each meal is basically stable. The purpose of this is to better match with hypoglycemic drugs, so as not to have the situation of blood glucose rising and falling.
Breaking the whole into parts refers to snacks. Under the condition of good blood glucose control, we can allow patients to eat fruit to supplement vitamins. But the eating method is different from that of normal people. Generally, don't eat immediately after dinner. You can choose to eat fruit 2 hours after meals. When eating, eat the fruit separately, such as an apple in 2-4 times, instead of eating it at one go. The more meals, the less effect on blood glucose.
2、 Do you eat dry or thin
Diabetes patients are advised to eat "dry" as much as possible. For example: steamed bread, rice, cake. Instead of eating pasta, porridge / pickled rice, noodle soup, noodles, etc. The truth is that the thinner the diet, the longer the cooking time, the softer and worse the food, which means that the better the digestion, the faster the sugar rise.
3、 Eat hard rather than soft
Diabetic diet is also dry, and we recommend "hard" rather than "soft". The reason is the same as above.
4、 Eat green instead of red
There is too much food. Many patients are not sure which one I should eat and which one I should not eat. Generally green, mostly plants containing chlorophyll, such as green vegetables. The red sugar is relatively high and should not be eaten. If you eat the same weight of cucumbers and tomatoes, tomatoes can significantly increase sugar. Therefore, in case of uncertainty, 'green' is generally safer.
8、 Related issues
Selenium supplementation for diabetes mellitus
Diabetes as a chronic disease, its treatment process is long and complicated. The treatment of diabetes focuses on daily maintenance and diet. So what should we pay attention to in diabetes diet?
Selenium, as an essential trace element of human body, plays an extremely important role in the treatment of diabetes. The most important biological function of selenium is antioxidant, eliminating free radicals and replenish proper selenium, which can help improve the metabolism function of insulin free radical defense system and endocrine cells. This provides a new basis for preventing the occurrence of diabetic complications. In addition, selenium can also improve the blood viscosity state of diabetes, delay the occurrence of diabetic complications, and improve the prognosis of diabetes.
Selenium is the active component of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent pancreatic islets β Oxidative damage of cells can make them function normally, promote sugar metabolism, reduce blood glucose and urine sugar.
Besides, selenium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, in addition to its insulin like effect and its synergistic effect with insulin.
Therefore, the daily supplement of selenium for diabetic patients can eat more foods rich in selenium, such as fish, letinous edodes, sesame, garlic, mustard and so on.
Diabetes and tartary buckwheat
Modern diabetes clinical observation shows that tartary buckwheat noodles have the effects of lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, enhancing human immunity, treating stomach diseases, removing dampness, detoxifying, treating nephritis, and attacking the evil flesh of the body. They have adjuvant effects on diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke and stomach diseases. These effects are related to the nutrients contained in tartary buckwheat.
Tartary buckwheat -- a complete collection of seven nutrients, is not a medicine, not a health product, but a food that can be eaten as a meal. However, it has excellent nutritional and health care value and extraordinary therapeutic effect. It is not a Gramineae, but a Polygonaceae. It is close brothers with the familiar "Polygonum multiflorum and rhubarb". It is an excellent grain and drug dual-use grain recognized by the international food and agriculture organization. It is a typical embodiment of the homologous culture of medicine and food in China. Tartary buckwheat is known as the "king of grains" and three food (reducing blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid). It is produced in the alpine mountains, green and natural, pure and dye-free.
Tartary buckwheat was recorded in the book of Shennong in the fifth century BC: "tartary buckwheat is the king of cereals". It only grows in a few Alpine mountainous areas in Southwest China, and its planting yield abroad is very low or its nutritional and medicinal value is far less than that in China, so it is very rare. In the process of planting, pesticide and chemical fertilizer can not be applied, but the use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer will reduce the yield or even lose the harvest. Therefore, Tartary Buckwheat essentially refuses pesticide and chemical fertilizer, which ensures its pure green.
Tartary buckwheat belongs to the coarse grain series and is the "king of grains". It contains a large number of balanced and comprehensive nutrients necessary for human body (bioflavonoids, protein, fat, starch, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber). It is called plant gold.
Tartary buckwheat can resist bacteria and inflammation and has the reputation of "anti-inflammatory food".
Tartary buckwheat has the effect of defecation and detoxification. It is also called "Jingchang grass" among the people
Tartary buckwheat is also a rare dual-purpose crop in nature:
According to the compendium of Materia Medica, Tartary Buckwheat tastes bitter and is cold in nature. It can strengthen the intestines and stomach, replenish qi, continue the spirit, benefit the ears and eyes, and refine the residue of the five internal organs; It is recorded in Qianjin Yaofang, the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine and relevant documents that tartary buckwheat can calm the mind, activate Qi and blood, reduce Qi and broaden the intestines, clear away heat, swelling and wind pain, dispel accumulation and stagnation, clear the intestines, moisten the intestines, defecate, stop cough, relieve asthma, anti-inflammatory, anti allergy, strengthen the heart, lose weight, beauty and other functions.
In particular, the unique ingredient tartary buckwheat flavone has a very unique effect. It can effectively prevent and regulate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, digestive system and respiratory diseases, and has remarkable effect, at the same time, it improves the immunity of human body.
The main ingredient is rutin, also known as vitamin P. Its main effects are softening blood vessels, improving microcirculation, clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, removing toxin and generating muscle, reducing blood sugar, urine sugar, blood lipid, supplementing qi and refreshing, and strengthening the peripheral effect of insulin. Rutin is hardly found in other grains!
Tartary buckwheat flavone, a unique active component of tartary buckwheat, is a complex substance with diverse biological activities. The main components are quercetin, rutin, camphenol and Morin, of which rutin accounts for 80%. This natural combination has more synergistic effect and is easier to be absorbed by human body. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, anti embolism, improving microcirculation, effectively reducing microvascular brittleness and permeability, preventing cerebral microvascular hemorrhage and maintaining ocular circulation. It has four physiological activities:
1. Promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and reducing cholesterol. Tartary buckwheat flavonoids have good therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral vascular diseases. The effective rate of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and improving microcirculation was 88%.
2. Sterilization and bacteriostasis. 0.08% tartary buckwheat solution can kill Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus within 8 hours, with a killing rate of 85%. It can kill harmful bacteria in the body and prevent and regulate gastrointestinal inflammation.
3. Antioxidant and cancer prevention. Tartary buckwheat flavonoids can prevent the automatic oxidation of oil. In addition, it can inhibit the activation of cancer cells, prevent tumor proliferation and achieve the role of cancer prevention.
4. anti insulin resistance factor, tartary buckwheat flavonoids can effectively resist the "insulin resistance factor", improve the sensitivity of cells and tissues to insulin, strengthen the self-healing ability of cell tissue, so as to achieve two-way regulation of diabetes, that is, high blood sugar can be reduced, low blood sugar levels rise, normal blood sugar remains unchanged. To truly achieve green and safe prevention and control of diabetes and its complications is a natural plant insulin.
Diabetes and mulberry leaves
Diabetes mellitus modern clinical research table
Modern diabetes clinical research shows that mulberry leaves are rich in amino acids, cellulose, vitamins, minerals and a variety of physiological active substances, which have many health functions such as lowering blood sugar, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood fat, delaying senility and so on. [3] For diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia patients have adjuvant therapy. These effects are related to the active components contained in mulberry leaves.
Mulberry leaf --- a dual-purpose raw material for medicine and food approved by the Ministry of health. Compendium of Materia Medica records that mulberry leaves "fry with juice instead of tea, which can stop thirst". In 1963, shart et al. First reported the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf water extract. Effects of flavonoids and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves on α- Glucosidase and porcine pancreatic juice α- Amylase has inhibitory effect, which is significantly higher than that of flavonoids and polysaccharides alone, indicating that the combination of them has synergistic effect in reducing blood glucose.
According to the Pharmacopoeia, the raw material of mulberry leaves is "frost". Zhang Shanlei, a famous doctor in modern times, also believes that it is better for mulberry leaves to be old and frost. Some people have studied mulberry leaves in different growth periods and found that the content of effective substances in mulberry leaves in late autumn and winter after frost is significantly higher. Picking fresh mulberry leaves and eating them by traditional decocting method or family medicine burning method will destroy the activity of hypoglycemic components in mulberry leaves at a certain temperature, and the taste is bitter. Therefore, modern research adopts the freeze-drying process to process mulberry leaves - freeze-dried mulberry leaves. When they are dried at low temperature, the volume and shape of mulberry leaves are almost unchanged, the original biological structure of mulberry leaves is maintained, and the damage to the hypoglycemic components of mulberry leaves is reduced.
Mulberry leaves are rich in hypoglycemic components (polysaccharides, flavonoids and alkaloids DNJ), which can scavenge free radicals and maintain insulin β The structure of cells is intact, maintaining physiological function, reducing blood sugar level of diabetic patients, and preventing complications. It can also reduce blood glucose, blood lipid and increase insulin level, promote insulin secretion and repair islets β Cells.
Polysaccharides, flavonoids and alkaloids in mulberry leaves can inhibit the rise of blood glucose and make the blood glucose index reach a stable state. Under the condition that the blood glucose remains normal and stable, the dose of the original hypoglycemic drugs can be reduced according to the specific circumstances under the guidance of doctors, so as to reduce adverse drug reactions. The total flavonoids in mulberry leaves can protect the liver. Long term drinking can reduce the damage of oral hypoglycemic drugs to the liver.
Healthy diet for different diabetic patients
General condition
1. propolis: propolis has a good effect in preventing and treating diabetes. It can enhance physical strength, enhance immunity, and resist the healing and ulcers of wounds caused by diabetes. However, CCTV 2 reported that China had only 300 tons of propolis, but 1000 tons of propolis are sold every year. 700 tons are actually gum, so we should carefully distinguish and choose.
2. Astaxanthin soft capsule: as the strongest antioxidant so far, astaxanthin can effectively inhibit insulin resistance, promote the recovery of islets, make islets secrete insulin, prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and promote the increase of high-density lipoprotein, so it can also better prevent the hardening of medium and small arteries, Therefore, it has a good effect on preventing and treating diabetes complications.
3. pumpkin seed oil: German nutritionists have found that pumpkin seed oil has unique nutrition and efficacy after 8 years of research. It contains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly B-Sitostesin and linoleic acid. It can effectively deal with fat and cholesterol in human body, and has a good effect on preventing arteriosclerosis and glucose disorders.
4. long term use of all natural antioxidants is good for diabetes.
After renal damage
Diabetic patients with kidney damage: because most of the drugs and metabolites are excreted through the metabolism of the kidneys, if there is serious damage to the kidneys, we should remember that all beans should not be eaten. Because too much of these plant proteins will increase the burden of renal metabolism, the principle is a small amount of high-quality protein and low salt diet.
After liver damage
Because some chemicals like metformin may cause liver damage, if there is a liver damage, these drugs that are metabolized by the liver are not eaten as much as possible. Otherwise, diabetes has not been cured, resulting in the irreversible damage of the liver. Therefore, some antioxidant health products or foods can be used to protect the liver's cell membrane. And mitochondria and DNA are not damaged.
So what is the diet for diabetics? It is impossible to generalize. There should be different diets at different stages of the disease. Therefore, the diet of diabetic patients is a dynamic problem.
4. absorb negative ions to treat diabetes
In hyperglycemia, the hyperactivity of polyol metabolism, self oxidation of glucose and oxidative phosphorylation cause the excessive production of reactive oxygen free radicals. Free radicals are substances that rob electrons in organisms. From a medical point of view, the robbing of electrons is the source of all diseases. The negative ion [4] has a negative potential. That is, there are redundant electrons. After the electrons are supplemented to the free radicals, the free radicals are reduced to eliminate the free radicals, and they themselves are transformed into oxygen molecules. At the same time, negative ions can directly eliminate reactive oxygen radicals, inhibit lipid oxidation, etc., but also can improve SOD enzyme activity, regulate the autonomic nervous system, improve the acidic substances in the body, promote glucose into cells, improve intracellular glucose metabolism, and so on, which is very beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. [5]
Hypoglycemic tea editing voice
1. Chrysanthemum hawthorn tea
15 grams of chrysanthemum and 20 grams of hawthorn. Decoct or brew in boiling water for 10 minutes. Drinking chrysanthemum and hawthorn tea often can not only expand coronary arteries, relax blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, but also reduce blood lipids. It is suitable for coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac insufficiency, etc.
2. Chrysanthemum Sophora tea
10 grams of chrysanthemum and Sophora japonica respectively. Brew with boiling water for 10 minutes and then drink. Each brew should not be repeated more than 3 times. This tea can calm the liver, reduce blood pressure and soften blood vessels. It is especially suitable for the elderly with hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
3. Chrysanthemum black tea
Chrysanthemum 10g, safflower 5g, Salvia miltiorrhiza 5g. Brew with boiling water for 10 minutes and then drink. Each brew should not be repeated more than 3 times. Chrysanthemum black tea can reduce coronary artery resistance and improve myocardial microcirculation. Taking it persistently can reduce the number of attacks of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris and reduce the degree of attack.
4. Pomegranate tea
Pomegranate tea contains an element called chromium, which plays an important role in the metabolism of sugar and fat. Supplementation of chromium can help diabetics improve glucose tolerance, reduce blood sugar, blood lipids, and enhance insulin sensitivity. Mild diabetics can stabilize blood sugar by drinking guava tea, while severe patients can be combined with food therapy.
