Diseases of female reproductive system are gynecological diseases, including vulvar diseases, vaginal diseases, uterine diseases, fallopian tube diseases, ovarian diseases, etc. Gynecological diseases are common and frequently occurring diseases in women. However, due to many people's lack of due understanding of gynecological diseases, lack of physical health care, and various bad living habits, their physical health is deteriorating, resulting in some women's diseases, which can not be cured for a long time, which brings great inconvenience to their normal life and work.
pathogeny
Gynecological diseases are mainly divided into 7 categories: gynecological inflammation, induced abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, irregular menstruation, infertility, gynecological plastic surgery and gynecological tumors. Each category has multiple minor diseases:
Gynecological inflammation: cervicitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammation, endometritis, etc;
Induced abortion: painless abortion, visual abortion, minimally invasive abortion, drug abortion, etc;
Venereal diseases include: condyloma acuminatum, syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, AIDS and so on.
Irregular menstruation: ovarian diseases, endocrine diseases, gynecological inflammation and other reasons;
Infertility: cervical infertility, endocrine infertility, uterine infertility, tubal infertility, etc;
Gynecological plastic surgery: labia plastic surgery, breast enhancement, hymen repair, vaginal constriction, vulvar leukoplakia, pelvic floor dysfunction, etc;
Gynecological tumors: hysteromyoma, cervical cyst, ovarian tumor, cervical cancer, etc.
Site classification
① Vaginal diseases; ② Uterine diseases; ③ Ovarian diseases; ④ Tubal diseases; ⑤ Pelvic diseases; ⑥ Vulvar diseases.
inspect
1. Vulva
Objective: to check whether the skin of vulva is smooth, whether the color is normal, and whether there are ulcers, dermatitis, vegetations and hypopigmentation. Normal vulva: the pubic hair is pointed downward and distributed in a triangle, the labia minora is pigmented, the labia minora is slightly red, the length of clitoris is < 2.5cm, and the mucosa around the urethral orifice is light pink. The vagina and cervix were further examined by endoscope.
2. Vagina
Objective: to check whether the surface of vaginal mucosa is smooth, whether the texture is normal, whether there are bleeding points, and whether the properties and smell of vaginal secretions are normal. Normal vagina: the vaginal wall mucosa has light powder color, folds, no ulcers, vegetations, cysts and congenital malformations. The secretion is egg white or white paste, no fishy smell and small quantity, but it increases during ovulation and pregnancy. If you want to check leucorrhea, the doctor will take a specimen at this time.
3. Cervix
Objective: To observe whether there are tumors, ulcers, erosions and polyps on the cervix, whether the size of the cervix is normal, whether the surface is smooth, whether the texture is too hard, and whether there is uterine prolapse. Normal cervix: peripheral bulge with a hole in the middle. Pregnant women are round, pregnant women are "one" shape, tough, red meat and smooth surface. If you want to do cervical cancer prevention smear examination, the doctor will take samples at this time.
4. Uterus and accessories
Objective: to understand the position, activity and texture of the uterine fundus. If the uterus is enlarged, too hard and the surface is not smooth, it is abnormal and needs further examination. Normal uterus: it is in inverted pear shape, 5 ~ 6cm long, 4 ~ 5cm wide and 3 ~ 4cm thick. Most of them are in anteversion and flexion position, with medium hardness and good mobility. Ovaries and fallopian tubes are collectively called "accessories", which can move and feel a slight acid swelling after touching. Normal fallopian tubes cannot be touched.
The doctor took out the endoscope, put on a pair of thin rubber gloves, coated with Vaseline, slowly put one or two fingers into the vagina, and put the other hand on the lower abdomen to press down. This is the examination of the uterus and accessories. When your fingers touch the bottom of the uterus, you will feel pain, but not for a long time, about 1 minute.
5. Leucorrhea inspection
Smear the vaginal secretion and observe it under the microscope to determine the cleanliness of the vagina according to the number of vaginal bacteria, white blood cells (WBC) and miscellaneous bacteria, which is divided into 4 degrees:
Grade I: there are a large number of vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells, no miscellaneous bacteria and leukocytes, and the visual field is clean. It is a normal secretion.
Grade II: vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells, a small amount of leukocytes and miscellaneous bacteria, still belong to normal vaginal secretion.
Grade III: a little vaginal bacilli and squamous epithelium, more miscellaneous bacteria and leukocytes, suggesting mild vaginitis.
Grade IV: no vaginal bacilli, only a few epithelial cells, a large number of leukocytes and miscellaneous bacteria. It is suggested that there are relatively serious vaginitis, such as fungal vaginitis and trichomonal vaginitis.
6. Gynecological B-ultrasound
(1) Congenital developmental abnormalities of reproductive organs, such as congenital absence of uterus, various uterine malformations (double uterus, double vagina, double horn uterus, residual horn uterus, mediastinal uterus), abnormal hymen development (atresia, hematocele) and ectopic kidney (pelvic kidney).
(2) Endometriosis (adenomyosis, ovarian chocolate cyst).
(3) Endometrial cavity lesions such as incomplete abortion, abnormal development of pregnant eggs or missed abortion, hydatidiform mole, endometrial proliferation, polyps, endometrial adenocarcinoma, etc.
(4) The position, deformation, incarceration, perforation, extravasation or ring pregnancy of IUD should be understood.
(5) Cervical lesions such as cervical hypertrophy, Nessler's cyst and polyp.
(6) Pelvic genital inflammation, such as empyema and hydrosalpinx.
(7) The findings after hysterectomy were examined postoperatively.
(8) Gynecological non vegetative masses such as follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, luteinized cyst, polycystic ovary, ovarian hematoma and ovarian crown cyst.
(9) Gynecological tumors ① benign, such as hysteromyoma and various ovarian cysts. ② Malignant tumors such as adenocarcinoma of uterine body, choriocarcinoma, primary or secondary ovarian cancer, etc.
Common diseases
1. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
It is the disease name of modern medicine. It refers to uterine bleeding caused by ovarian dysfunction, referred to as "dysfunctional uterine bleeding".
2. Vaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is a rare vaginal malignant tumor, which can be divided into primary and secondary types.
3. Vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor of vulva, which is not uncommon.
4. Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in ovarian tissue. Clinically, there may be lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, menstrual disorder, compression and other symptoms.
5. Cervical cancer
Canceration of epithelial cells in the cervix, vagina or cervical canal. From the perspective of tissue, it is mainly cervical squamous cell carcinoma and.
6. Uterine cancer
It mostly refers to endometrial carcinoma. Irregular vaginal bleeding and other symptoms can appear in the early stage.
7. Hydatidiform mole
Vesicular fetal mass, abnormal proliferation of placental villous trophoblasts after pregnancy, turning terminal villi into vesicles. The connection between vesicles is like a grape string.
8. Cervicitis
Cervicitis is a common disease of women of childbearing age. It has two kinds: acute and chronic. Clinically, chronic cervicitis is more common.
9. Vaginitis
Vaginitis is a common disease in gynecological clinic. Clinically, the main clinical characteristics are the change of leucorrhea and vulvar itching and burning pain, and sexual intercourse pain is also common.
10. Pelvic inflammatory disease
When inflammation occurs in female internal genitalia (such as uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, pelvic peritoneum) and its surrounding connective tissue and pelvic peritoneum, it is called pelvic inflammation.
11. Adnexitis
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries. However, salpingitis and ovaritis are often complicated with parauterine connective tissue inflammation and pelvic peritonitis, and it is not easy to distinguish them in diagnosis.
12. Choriocarcinoma
Also known as choriocarcinoma, it is a highly malignant trophoblastic tumor, which mainly occurs in women of childbearing age, known as "gestational choriocarcinoma".
13. Uterine prolapse
The damaged and weak supporting tissue of the uterus makes the uterus drop along the vagina, the external opening of the cervix falls below the level of sciatic spine, and all the uterus falls out of the vaginal opening.
14. Hysteromyoma
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in female genital organs, mostly in middle-aged women. The incidence rate is high among women aged 30 to 50 years.
15. Premature ovarian failure
Normal women's ovarian function begins to decline when they are 45 ~ 50 years old. If there are signs of decline before the age of 40, it is called premature ovarian failure in medicine.
16. Vaginal spasm
Before or during sexual intercourse, the vagina and pelvic floor surround the muscles around the lower 1 / 3 of the vagina, and involuntary violent and continuous spasmodic contraction occurs.
17. Endometritis
It's inflammation of the endometrium. According to the duration of the disease, it can be divided into acute endometritis and chronic endometritis.
18. Endometriosis
Under normal circumstances, the endometrium covers the surface of the uterine cavity. For example, due to some factors, the endometrium grows in other parts of the body.
19. Genital dysplasia
Including vaginal atresia, double vagina, double cervix, uterine mediastinum, double uterus, etc.